How to add a new hard disk to Ubuntu
====================================

1. check the disk info and get the logical name (like "/dev/sdb")

   sudo lshw -C disk
   
   or: sudo fdisk -l


2. Partition
    
   sudo fdisk /dev/sdb 


   (primary partition -> Partition number 1 ->  first cylinder 1 -> Type "w" )
   
   (Since this is the first partition, Linux will recognize it as /dev/sdb1)


3. To format the new partition as ext3 file system (best for use under Ubuntu)

    sudo mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1


4*. Modify Reserved Space (Optional, the ext2/ext3 default to 5%, This example reserves 1% of space )
   
   sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sdb1


5. Create A Mount Point (make a dir)

   sudo mkdir /media/newDisk500GB


6. Mount The Drive (automatic mount on startup)

   6.1  sudo nano /etc/fstab
   6.2  add the line to the end
        # /dev/sdb1    /media/newDisk500GB   ext3    defaults     0        2
        /dev/sdb1    /media/newDisk500GB   ext3    defaults     0        0  
       
        (The defaults part may allow you to read, but not write. )


7. to have the changes take effect

   sudo mount -a

   (or reboot the computer) 


8. to allow write

   sudo chown -R USERNAME:USERNAME /media/newDisk500GB

   or:

   sudo chown -R root:ftpgroup /media/newDisk500GB
   sudo chmod g+w /media/newDisk500GB

   sudo chmod +t /media/newDisk500GB (*optional)

   (The last "chmod +t" adds the sticky bit, so that people can 
    only delete their own files and sub-directories in a directory, 
    even if they have write permissions to it)


*******************************************************************


9* check the owner / permission

   ls -l /media/

   drwxrwxr-x 3 root ftpgroup 4096 2009-11-19 15:48 newDisk500GB



10* Manually Mount and unmount    

   sudo mount /dev/sdb1  /media/newDisk500GB

   (sudo umount /media/newDisk500GB)


11* disable the auto filesystem check (This filesystem will be automatically 
    checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first)  

    sudo tune2fs -c -1 -i 0 /dev/sdb1

12* remove "lost+found"

    sudo rmdir /media/oldDisk300GB/lost+found